On September 17, 2025, the Italian Parliament definitively approved the law titled “Provisions and Delegation to the Government on Artificial Intelligence” (Law No. 132/2025, published in the Official Gazette No. 223 of September 25, 2025). The measure, connected to the national budget act, establishes a national regulatory framework for AI governance, complementing the EU AI Act ([Regulation (EU) 2024/1689]) and addressing aspects not covered by European legislation or left to Member States’ discretion.
The law responds to the rapid growth of Italy’s AI market (€1.2 billion in 2024, +58% compared to 2023) and the need to balance opportunities and risks, with particular focus on personal data protection, transparency, safety, and fundamental rights.
The statute is composed of 28 articles divided into six sections, covering:
- general principles,
- sectoral provisions (healthcare, labor, public administration, justice),
- national strategies,
- safeguards for users and copyright protection,
- criminal and financial provisions.
It operates alongside the European AI Act, which takes precedence over national rules, and applies to areas left under Member State regulation.
Introduction
Law No. 132 represents a significant legislative milestone in Italy’s approach to artificial intelligence. At the same time, it introduces a layered regulatory structure within an already complex framework. Many of its provisions intersect with existing rules at the European level—notably the AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689)—as well as those governing personal data, such as the GDPR and Italy’s Privacy Code (Legislative Decree No. 196/2003).
